Wednesday 6 March 2024

In Defence of Jury Trial

When you are slogging your guts out trying to bring some minuscule level of function to an essential but collapsing system it is wearing, to say the least, to watch people call into question a part of it that not only actually works reasonably well but is, in fact, essential. 

 Juries are not infallible. Juries are not trained. Juries are not expert. Juries do not give reasons. Juries are private. Juries don’t read The Guardian or The Telegraph, or maybe they do but you’re not allowed to know. 

 If you ask me as a barrister of 20 years’ call (and God knows, some days it feels like 40) why I think juries are so great I can’t point to an unimpeachable academic study that demonstrates incontrovertibly that they are more likely to get decisions right than judges. And no, the irony is not wasted on me that as a foot-soldier in a profession that exalts evidence over assumption, cold facts over hot opinions I can’t show my workings for my belief that juries work. 

 What I can say is that, in my experience at least, juries do work because they do the work. By that I mean juries ask questions that so often reveal that they’ve been paying attention, turning over in their singular and collective minds the evidence and how they should apply the judge’s legal directions. And it is so important to emphasise that our most serious cases are not tried by juries alone but by judge and jury. Yes, the result is in the hands of the jury but the shepherding and the guiding is in the hands of the judge. 

 I wrote recently why I felt Channel 4’s ‘The Jury’ was, at best, a misguided experiment and at worst an actively harmful distortion of the reality of jury trial (full disclaimer I’ve still not actually seen it). Since its broadcast a truly aggravating article by Simon Jenkins was published in The Guardian which, paraphrasing somewhat, denigrated trial by jury as being justice by the thick, the prejudiced and the idle. It was a piece that did him little credit, not least of all for his completely bogus claim that rape and other offences are not even tried by juries. 

 In England & Wales we have juries of 12. From time to time there are murmurings from the Ministry of Justice pondering why that number is so sacrosanct. I will venture an opinion. If you drag 12 random people off the street, which is essentially how jurors are summonsed, you would be immensely unfortunate not to have at least 1 person actually prepared to listen to the evidence, willing to take account of the judge’s directions and steer the deliberations with a proper, reasonable and reasoned consideration of the competing arguments. All it take is 1, is my genuine belief, and rare is the jury that has to make do with only 1. 

 A bad juror has to do a hell of a lot of work and damage to turn a jury of 12 bad. A bad judge doesn’t have to turn anyone and, even worse, they’re bad today, tomorrow, next week and next year. And it doesn’t even need a judge to be actively bad, a judge beaten down by the system, by the unrelenting conveyor belt of cases, shattered by the sheer grind. Where is the freshness? Where are the new eyes and the one-time application? 

 Jury duty is a very weird and novel and generally unrepeated experience in most people’s lives. And most importantly it is a duty and here I’ve saved the most important point to the last. 

 There was a time when duty dictated all our lives and, when it came to World Wars, for many of us our deaths as well. We don’t do duty any more. 
 ‘Don’t fancy it? Then don’t bother.’ 
 ‘You can’t tell me what to do!’ 
 And so it must be a shock for many when that summons arrives. Sure, you can defer, but not indefinitely. This is the state saying put your life on hold, sit in a box with your fellow citizens, not your mates, not your colleagues, not your family, not fellow Gunners, Dog and Duckers or disco dancers: 11 total strangers selected by the state. And in a few days (or weeks, if you’re unlucky) you’ll be sitting privately in a room with those strangers and asked to make a decision that could see another stranger sitting in a prison cell every single day for the rest of their lives, or see someone who was raped weekly between the ages of 10-14 finally have that abuse recognised and acknowledged, or maybe you will see that the police did cut corners and got the wrong man. 

 Whatever your decision this is your buy in. This is you making good on a social contract that you may have never thought about or thought didn’t apply to you. Voting is not obligatory in this country but the smallest manifestation of democracy, sitting in judgement of your fellow man or woman, is. Prosecutions are brought in the name of the Crown in England but justice is done by YOU for US and it is done by US for YOU. The day that you wish justice is done by them instead is the day you abandon that contract and surrender your freedom.

Wednesday 28 February 2024

Why I'm not watching The Jury

 

There are increasingly few places that remain unviolated by TV cameras. Papal conclaves and jury retiring rooms are two that spring to my mind. You may struggle to name that many more. Is it for the best that we don't get to see the horse trading and strong arming that precedes the puffs of white smoke? What about murder verdicts: is it right that we should trust to blind faith that juries faithfully follow judicial directions and bring to bear sober and dispassionate analysis of the competing cases?

You can forget about Vegas it's what goes on in jury rooms that really stays behind. I've been at the Bar for 20 years and involved in literally 100s of trials and can't say with certainty what persuaded the jury in any of them. Like any barrister worth their salt I've obviously wondered what goes on, what gets said and what, in the end, counts.

So on the face of it Channel 4's 'The Jury: Murder Trial' ought to be an absolutely tantalising prospect. But unfortunately I can't bring myself to watch it. A real life murder trial restaged in front of two juries of ordinary people. Both hearing the same evidence. All deliberations filmed. Will they reach the same verdicts? In the absence of cameras filming the Real McCoy isn't this the next best thing? Well no, unfortunately it's not.

In any serious criminal trial there can be moments of real drama. But the purpose of the proceedings is not entertainment and nobody in court is under the illusion that it is. As anyone who has served on a real jury can attest large parts of the criminal trial process can be almost mind-numbingly dull. Try sitting through even 30 minutes of mobile phone cell site schedule evidence, sometimes this can go on for a whole day or even longer.

It is because real lives at stake and the jeopardy is real that attention is maintained. If you filmed that ratings would be through the floor. A criminal trial unfolds to a set sequence. Prosecution opening, prosecution evidence, defence evidence, legal directions, prosecution speech, defence speech, summing up, deliberation. There is a reason for that sequence and it is not entertainment.

I know, without watching the programme, that sequence is not maintained, I know that the jury's opinions on the case are filmed throughout, in a real trial juries are specifically expected to await the end of the summing up before commencing their discussions and deliberations. And there is no director or producer watching on anxiously hoping for controversy and dispute.

12 Angry Men is a classic drama precisely because Reginald Rose sat down and plotted the give and take of the jury room with that end in mind. If those behind the Channel 4 programme were faithfully and absolutely intent on verisimilitude then they would need to gamble upon the experiment making for turgid television. When money and ratings are at stake who is going to take that gamble?

And there's the rub. If this show is to entertain it will need to shock or subvert our hopes and assumptions about juries weighing evidence carefully and objectively. If this show is to reflect real life it has to be bold enough to bore. What it can't do is both and the danger that lies in making good entertainment is doing bad damage to the credibility of a system that works.


Friday 2 February 2024

A paean to pupils and pupillage

 


To outsiders it may seem that it's our horsehair wigs and Victorian starched collars that are the most unusual thing about the barristers' profession. As a member of that profession I would actually suggest it's our training. We call it pupillage. Securing one can sometimes seem to law graduates as unattainable as the Holy Grail.

It's a peculiar term and for a pupil barrister their job description can seem strangely redolent of childhood. Yet more so for those undertaking work experience with a barrister, who are referred to as mini-pupils. Those instructing pupil barristers were known, until very recently, as pupil masters or pupil mistresses. Now, prosaically and colourlessly, they are known as pupil supervisors. It's a term for which I feel little affection because you master an art or a skill but you supervise a process or a production line.

Periodically it is suggested that trainee barristers should be called, well, trainee barristers. That, of course, is a term that would be familiar to anyone in or out of the profession. It does not however do justice to quite what an education it is to be a pupil barrister. And what a mighty privilege and burden it is to have a pupil.

Most barristers are self-employed and most barristers belong to chambers. We don't earn a salary. We don't have a boss. When we are not in court we work when, how and where we like. If we do our best case prep up a valley without WiFi in Cumbria in the middle of the night that is where and how we will prepare a case.

Preparing cases is a very personal exercise and barristers have to work out what works best for them. But they also need someone to show them how to do it. That is where pupil supervisors come in. In taking on a pupil a supervisor is giving their pupil the most intimate access to their professional life and working practices. If you are an intensely private person or don't enjoy having your working habits scrutinised then pupil supervision is not for you.

It was not that many decades ago that pupils paid their masters or mistresses for the not insubstantial work involved in showing a complete beginner the ropes. Quite rightly that practice, representing as substantial a barrier to the profession as purchasing commissions in the army once did, has fallen into desuetude [that's a lawyer's term]. Pupils are now paid, in fancy commercial chambers substantial six figure sums, in criminal sets rather more modest amounts.

Supervisors, on the other hand, get absolutely nothing for training the next generation of barristers. And there you were thinking all lawyers are venal and grasping, for shame. In fairness that isn't actually true at all because a good pupil can make all the difference between a practice bursting apart at the seams and a well oiled machine of prompt advice and immaculate preparation. I always say a good pupil can halve your workload, although I have heard that a less good one can double it.

It has never, ever felt like work to me. If you care about the profession and you think what it does is important then having a hand in shaping its future custodians feels an almost sacred obligation. Having a pupil certainly keeps you on your toes because your every written and oral interaction has an audience and a witness. And not merely a passive spectator but someone who is looking at your professional conduct as a template for their own.

I had a number of pupil masters all of whom taught me valuable lessons about life at the Bar but the first necessarily always leaves the biggest imprint. I was fortunate that mine was Edward Henry KC who by my estimation is one of the most powerful advocates I've encountered in my 20 years at the Bar. Since parting ways he has led me on a number of occasions most notably in the appeal of Andrew Malkinson. The teacher/pupil dynamic has become one of colleague and collaborator.

If I have had half the effect on any one of my pupils that Edward had on my sense of what a barrister should be and stands for I will count myself a very fortunate person.

Saturday 25 November 2023

Anything you do say may be given in evidence.


The end of the prosecution case in England and Wales is conventionally the moment when the defendant’s interview under caution is adduced in evidence. At the time of the interview the defendant will have been a suspect and it is the opportunity of the police to glean the suspect’s version of events and the opportunity of the suspect to give theirs. Or not give it. I have no idea what the statistics show but many interviews under caution are met with no comment either in response to legal advice given or because the suspect of their own volition has decided it would not be in their interest to answer questions.

The caution is as follows: 

"You do not have to say anything. But it may harm your defence if you do not mention when questioned something which you later rely on in court. Anything you do say may be given in evidence.” 

I’m getting so long in the tooth that when I started practice the interviews were recorded on tape with an annoying backing track to ensure that nobody could interfere with the contents of the recording. They continued to be recorded on tape until remarkably recently, I was given to understand to some degree because the police had one of the largest stockpiles of cassette tapes in the country. 

Briefs would come tied up in pink (defence) or white (prosecution) tape with an envelope containing a cassette tape so that the accuracy of the transcript could be checked against the recording. This resulted in a colleague having an absurd experience once when no tape was included in their brief, a request for a copy of the tape prompted a photocopy of the cassette. 

The recordings of interviews are almost never played in court before juries. Instead the prosecution barrister and the investigating officer have to engage in a moment of am-dram by reading out the transcript. I say am-dram but ‘doing the voices’ is seriously frowned upon. I only discovered recently that the Southern practice of having the barrister read the defendant’s part and the officer reading the police part is reversed in more Northern parts of the country. 

Mercifully the tapes have finally gone the way of fax machines and recordings are now digital and immediately available as digital links. No comment interviews are not adduced in evidence to save juries the brain numbing tedium of having an entire unanswered interview read to them. Instead an agreed fact informs the jury that the defendant made no comment and, where significant questions went unanswered, what they were. 

When answers are given the parties have to scrutinise the transcripts to make sure that anything irrelevant, inadmissible or prejudicial gets edited out of the interview: references to previous convictions, the officer’s opinion that the defendant is bang to rights, lengthy discussion about what the defendant had for lunch. 

When I started if such edits were not resolved in good time before the trial edits had to be done with Tippex, black marker pen (never desirable) or, especially fiddly, with scissors cutting out the offending passages so that the transcript could be photocopied on top of a blank page. I don’t miss any of it. Now edits are track changed, commented, highlight and implemented at a touch of a button. 

However, the transcript reading remains and now that we’re in the digital age it seems to me absurd that juries don’t automatically get to hear the defendant’s own voice and, where video recorded, see their own face in the police interview room. Everybody knows that often in life it’s not what was said but how it was said. It seems to me that if the police interview under caution is of evidential significance, which it obviously is, juries should at the very least actually get the chance to see and hear it. 

So many improvements to the criminal justice process require money or complicated reform. This seems to me to be basic and immediately capable of implementation.

Wednesday 20 September 2023

Counsel of Despair

 I recently tweeted the following observation:

It’s important to say that the message that there’s no point in reporting sexual offences to the police is a counsel of despair. There are many police officers, lawyers and judges that make it their life’s work to take such allegations seriously and have them tried properly.

And it would be fair to say that, to some readers at least, it was neither an important nor welcome message.

A very niche benefit of Twitter to criminal barristers is that it's a reminder that when you address a jury what you think you're saying, or what you want to say, is not necessarily what the jury are hearing you say. Because juries don't provide feedback other than through their verdicts this is not a reminder often given in court.

For the avoidance of doubt here is a list of things I did not mean in that tweet:

1. That all victims of sexual offences must report to the police.

2. That if victims of sexual offences do not report to the police then they are not victims.

3. That if victims of sexual offences report to the police they are guaranteed to see their attacker convicted.

4. That all police officers are perfect. Or lawyers. Or judges.

5. That I do not think there are very serious problems with the criminal justice system, particularly in relation to sexual offences.

6. That I am oblivious to a prevailing, possibly near universal, view that reporting to the police is a futile act.

When the perception is that justice is very difficult or impossible to achieve it is entirely understandable why a victim of a sexual offence might prefer to heal privately in their own way and in their own time.

The sometimes re-traumatising effect of the criminal justice process is something that is frequently remarked upon and written about. Contending with a forensic challenge to your integrity and credibility when you have been a victim of rape must be, at the very least, a galling experience, if not profoundly upsetting and destabilising.

Acknowledging that reality while reconciling it with the need to maintain a rigorous and fair trial process is something that causes any lawyer of good conscience a great deal of concern and anxiety. An inescapable if harsh fact is that the criminal justice process is not therapy and its direct purpose is not healing. Its purpose is to correctly identify wrongdoers, hold them to account and punish them when required. Another equally difficult concept is that a not guilty verdict or even a decision not to charge does not mean that an offence did not happen, it means that there was insufficient evidence to prove that it did. Obviously when the main evidence comes from and is the person making the complaint that will feel like the most personal of judgements. But a system in which the making of an allegation of itself ensured a conviction would be a dangerous thing to have.

I have not experienced the criminal justice process as a victim of a sexual offence but I have witnessed those that have on scores of occasions. People often ask me how does it feel to defend someone I know is guilty. What I have never been asked is how it feels to sit with a distressed victim in a dilapidated room at court in the aftermath of the acquittal of a man who hours before I had suggested to a jury was a provable rapist. I can tell you how it feels. It feels really bad.

I know what is wrong with the criminal justice process and to some extent I know what is required to fix it. Money plays a very large part in that. But that's not the only part. Where Twitter and other platforms are useful is that you hear tales and narratives that rarely make it into law schools and court rooms. Social media gives victims a voice. I am always listening because without listening you don't hear and if you don't hear you don't learn.

But like a beleaguered doctor hearing about troubling symptoms I would never counsel not getting them looked at. The criminal justice process is not what it should be, too many victims are let down by the police and the courts. But disengagement from the system does not provide alternative recourse. If we don't use the system and make it work there is no other. There are people that care about it and the victims that have no choice but to use it and I should know because I see them every day.

Not every rape that gets reported to the police results in a conviction but no convictions result from rapes that are not reported.


Wednesday 9 August 2023

Just One Of Those Things - Defending Andrew Malkinson

Miscarry at one time meant merely mistake. In its modern usage it means the tragedy of a lost pregnancy or the tragedy of a wrongful conviction. Those who have had the misfortune to experience either of those utterly dissimilar tragedies may be united in one fervent desire and that is to know why. And sadly, all too often, when a pregnancy is lost there is little more doctors can say than it was just one of those things. Medicine cannot discern the why. It is also the reason why I privately wince when I hear the expression miscarriage of justice. Because there is always a why, it’s just a question of whether there is the time, resource and will to ensure the why sees the light of day. 

I prefer and endorse the expression wrongful conviction. For few things are more full of wrong than the conviction of an innocent person. And few are the wrongful convictions caused by mere mistake. At the heart of almost every wrongful conviction there is a failing, either deliberate or negligent. The hallmark of a healthy, functioning justice system is a desire to expose and root out that failing. By dissecting the wrong and holding it up to the light justice is vindicated in unflinching scrutiny. 

An analogy that resonates for me is that the dispensing of justice is the love in action of a society for its people. Those that love you care for you and when wrong is done to you they seek redress for you. When a government assumes that responsibility and discharges it properly it is exhibiting, on a societal level, exactly that kind of love writ large. Conversely, when wrongful convictions are tolerated and lie unexposed the government demonstrates disdain not just for those immediately affected but for all of us.

But it would be absurd to suppose that such disdain affects us all equally. To say that those directly affected by wrongful convictions experience devastation does not come close to describing the impact on the wrongfully convicted, those that love and care for them and the victims of the crime giving rise to the wrongful conviction. On one side of the equation is a person who has known from the moment the guilty verdict was delivered that an injustice had been done and on the other is someone who from the very same moment thought justice had been done. Both of them cruelly cheated of justice. 

Few are the students at law school intent on criminal practice who do not suppose that one day they might be involved in the righting of a wrongful conviction. In reality involvement in such cases is vanishingly unlikely. Post-conviction appeal work is extremely difficult and hard to come by and very poorly remunerated, that is if it is remunerated at all. 

Lawyers have to obtain access to the evidence called at trial, transcripts need to be applied for, unused material scrutinised, liaison needs to take place with the lawyers that appeared at first instance, instructions taken, investigation undertaken, fresh evidence sought. If preparing for a trial is like a walk in the Lake District mounting a post-conviction appeal as a lawyer new to the case is like trying to traverse the Himalayas in someone else’s climbing boots. 

It is not an undertaking that the English criminal justice system encourages or generally rewards. A defendant convicted in the Crown Court by a jury has the right to apply for leave to appeal. They have no automatic right of appeal. If leave is granted and the appeal refused or a renewed oral application for leave to appeal is refused then the conviction is affirmed. The only realistic option for a defendant in such a position is to make an application to the Criminal Cases Review Commission which has the power to refer cases back to the Court of Appeal. It is not a power which it readily or speedily exercises. 

A hallmark of the English system is certainty and finality. In other systems convictions are not final until all possible rights of appeal are exhausted. We favour a one-shot system. The expectation is that all involved should get it right first time. The problem is that the system falls desperately short when that expectation proves unfounded. 

In an English criminal case the defendant has no right to see all material in the hands of the police and the prosecution. The prosecution serves the evidence that it relies on to prove its case and all other relevant material held by the police is supposed to be listed in a schedule. That material is called unused material. If in the judgement of the prosecutor any of that material is capable of assisting the case for the defendant or of undermining the prosecution case then the prosecutor is under a duty to provide that material to the defence. This is what lawyers mean when they talk about disclosure. 

However, if material or information is known to the police but is not listed on that schedule then the prosecutor does not know about it and if the prosecutor does not know about it the defence can’t know about it, the judge can’t know about it and the jury can’t know about it. That is when verdicts turn on incomplete evidence and when they do they invariably turn against defendants. 

There is something paradoxical about genuine humility which is that proximity to it is a curiously ennobling experience. Anyone who has heard Andrew Malkinson speak on TV, radio or podcast in the wake of his quashed conviction will have heard that his is a voice of reason and of compassion too. He is acutely conscious that the injustice he has suffered on his side of the equation has also now been suffered by a victim of a terrible crime on the other. I know that many who have listened to him will have marvelled that he does not speak with the ranting recriminations and reproaches commensurate to the wrong that has been done to him. 

If you imagine for a moment a place that you really don’t want to be but you know that you have no choice to be, for example A&E with searing pain at 3 in the morning or an airport departures lounge with a 2 hour delay think about the sense of frustration you might feel that you are stuck there. Then imagine you’ve been imprisoned for 17 years for a horrible offence you did not commit. It’s a preposterous thought experiment because none of us can imagine the latter scenario. I’ve been visiting prisons for nearly 20 years of practice as a barrister and I can’t begin to conceive of how anyone could get through a week of such an experience. 

Yet Andrew Malkinson managed it. Undoubtedly it has taken a massive toll on his mental and physical health and it has cheated him of the prime of his life. But the colossal sense of anger he must feel is articulated in the most reasonable way and it is all the more forceful for that. A refusal to accept responsibility for a crime that he did not commit meant that Andrew Malkinson spent 10 years in prison beyond the tariff for his life sentence because a key requirement for being deemed safe for release is recognition by the offender of their crime. This is another invidious way in which the English system traps the innocent in a Catch 22. 

It is difficult to communicate in words the level of opposition Andrew Malkinson has endured in his quest to establish what happened to him and those acting for him have encountered. That basic and burning desire to know why has been met with obduracy, resistance and inaction. Evidence has been destroyed, information has been withheld, questions have gone unanswered. The fact that none of that precluded Andrew Malkinson from finally seeing his conviction quashed and not just because modern science has rendered critically significant DNA evidence that was there all along but because the jury was kept in the dark about evidence that should have ensured he was never convicted in the first place is thanks entirely to the relentless work of APPEAL, his solicitor Emily Bolton and their investigator James Burley. 

The dismaying reality is that there are many more Andrew Malkinsons languishing right now in prison cells. If you’re not prepared to tolerate that fact as just one of those things can I encourage you to consider making a donation: https://appeal.org.uk/donate

Friday 30 June 2023

The Clink Restaurant at HMP Brixton

 

Same place different experience. It's a statement of the obvious that two people can be in the same place having a radically different experience. To give a really extreme example imagine a hangman and a condemned man both standing on the gallows. They might occupy the same physical space but their mental space might as well be in different universes.

It's also possible to be the same person in the same place having a radically different experience. The hospital doctor being delivered to their own A&E in an ambulance. The pupil returning to their old school to take up a teaching post. I've had this experience with my 'side hustle' as a TV legal consultant returning, after a very lengthy gap, to a closed Camberwell Green Magistrates' Court when it became the set for Landscapers. Everything completely familiar and utterly strange at the same time.

Yesterday I finally passed through the gates of the last London prison in 20 years of practice that I had never visited, HMP Brixton. Going on a 'Legal' never loses the strangeness of entering the 'secure estate' but the purpose is always the same whatever the type of case might be. The taking of instructions and the giving of advice. There is generally not much time to ponder the purpose of prison itself.

But I have been in prisons for other reasons. In 2009 I saw an extraordinary production of West Side Story in HMP Wandsworth. Pimlico Opera has been putting on prison production for years now and in 2024 will be in HMP Bronzefield: https://grangeparkopera.co.uk/pimlico-opera/. More recently I judged a debate about banning smoking in prisons in HMP Pentonville between a prison team and a visiting team from the Cambridge Union (the home team won and quite deservedly so). This was organised by Vocalise which is an excellent student led initiative run by Gray's Inn, my Inn of Court, taking debating into prisons: https://www.graysinn.org.uk/education/students/career-development/vocalise/.

Artistic expression and persuasion through words are both absolutely commendable and I would suggest essential endeavours to be encouraged within prisons. But in terms of concrete and immediately employable training in skills it's hard to see anything beating The Clink Charity. My reason for visiting HMP Brixton was to have lunch at their excellent restaurant.

It was an outing organised by Dolly Theis, wife of one of my closest friends, and whose passions for rehabilitation and food policy neatly dovetailed under one roof where food is made fresh with many of the ingredients grown in the gardens of other prisons in England & Wales. I'd heard of The Clink before but what I had not realised was that its activities extend far beyond the restaurants at HMP Brixton, HMP High Down near Sutton, and HMP Styal near Manchester Airport.

The group of policy makers, journalists and other interested people I accompanied was addressed by Yvonne Thomas the recently appointed Chief Executive of the charity. She is a persuasive and engaging advocate of its virtues and activities but, as the saying goes, the proof of the pudding was in the eating and in my case that was an impressively towering strawberry baked Alaska. Preceded by a heritage tomato tart and a perfectly cooked duck breast this was serious food, properly made and attractively presented. There was no call or need for patronising platitudes.

The restaurants are dry, the cutlery is plastic and the dire warnings about trying to enter without storing your mobile phone in a locker before entry mean you can be in no doubt that you're in a restaurant with a difference. But the most important difference is that the food is being cooked and served by people who have been presented with a golden opportunity to move on from an anti-social past to find employment in the most social industry of all: hospitality. Also, leaving a restaurant with a clear head where the meat has to be cooked perfectly and where you have given and received from your dining companion undivided attention is all a plus in my book.

For a birthday party with a twist, an unforgettable date night, or a work outing with a difference it can't be beaten. Book here: https://theclinkcharity.org/